有时在门诊看到患者身上长出和肤色相近的小肉坨，不痛不痒。

这些皮损是什么呢？

大多数情况都是皮赘。

皮赘是一种常见的柔软的良性皮损，似乎悬挂在皮肤上。它也被描述为：软垂疣、 乳头状瘤、纤维上皮息肉，带蒂软纤维瘤 ，丝状瘤（即皮损是线状的）。
随着年龄的增长，皮赘在男性和女性中都会发病。它们多为皮色或较肤色深，直径为1 mm到5 cm。最常见于皮肤皱褶处（颈部，腋窝，腹股沟）。在肥胖者和2型糖尿病患者中更常见。有时可能会受到刺激或创伤。
皮赘由松散排列的胶原纤维和血管组成，外包围增厚或变薄的表皮。脂溢性角化病，病毒性疣或传染性软疣可能与皮赘相似。

A skin tag is a common soft harmless lesion that appears to hang off the skin. It is also described as: Acrochordon, Papilloma, Fibroepithelial polyp, Soft fibroma Pedunculated (this means it is on a stalk), Filiform (this means it is  thread-like) .       
Skin tags develop in both men and women as they grow older. They are skin coloured or darker and range in size from 1mm to 5cm. They are most often found in the skin folds (neck, armpits, groin). They tend to be more numerous in obese persons and in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. They can sometimes become irritated or traumatized.                                             
Skin tags are made up of loosely arranged collagen fibres and blood vessels surrounded by a thickened or thinned-out epidermis. Seborrhoeic keratoses, viral warts or molluscum contagiosum may resemble skin tags.

01

皮赘的风险因素有哪些？

What are the risk factors for skin tags?

增加皮赘发生可能的风险因素包括 ：
皮肤擦伤和刺激
怀孕
肢端肥大症
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）

肥胖
胰岛素抵抗II型糖尿病
Factors that raise your risk of getting skin tags are:
Skin chafing and irritation
Pregnancy
Acromegaly                                                     
Human papillomavirus (HPV)           
Obesity
Insulin resistance type 2 diabetes

02

皮赘的症状有哪些？如何诊断？

Symptoms and Diagnosis

皮赘是皮色的皮肤新生物。它们很小，但尺寸范围可以从1毫米到5厘米。 它们通常多发于皮肤皱褶处，例如腋窝，颈部或腹股沟。 一般不伴随其他症状。

诊断时，医生会询问症状和病史，并且进行体查。 大多数皮赘肉眼即可诊断。在某些情况下，可能需要进行皮肤活检以排除其他问题。
Skin tags appear as flesh-colored skin growths. They are small, but can range in size from 1 millimeter to 5 centimeters. They are often found in folds of the skin, such as the arm pit, neck, or groin. They don't cause symptoms, even after they appear.
During diagnosis, you will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Most skin tags can be diagnosed without tests. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be needed to rule out other problems. 

03

皮赘如何治疗？Treatments

皮赘是良性的，患者通常毋需担心。如果皮损受到刺激或美观上无法接受，可以用任何破坏性方式治疗，但最常见的是通过手术切除或液氮冷冻疗法治疗。其他选择可能包括刮除法，电灼和结扎（在病灶蒂部系一根绳子或缝线）。可以一次治疗多个皮损，尽管一些患者可能选择先治疗单个皮损。

如果怀疑患者同时患有黑棘皮病，患者可能有潜在的糖尿病。应排除糖尿病。即使在检查中患者仅有皮赘，由于这些患者通常患有合并症，包括肥胖，糖尿病或前驱糖尿病，因此在皮肤检查之外，应该对患者进行健康的饮食习惯，锻炼和其他行为矫正的患者教育。 

Patients should be reassured that acrochordons are benign. If irritated or cosmetically undesired, they may be treated with any destructive modality, but they are most commonly treated by snip excision or liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. Other options may include shave excision, electrocautery, and ligation (tying a string or suture around the lesion). Multiple lesions may be treated at one visit, although some patients may prefer to have one individual lesion treated first as a test spot.
If a patient is suspected to have concurrent acanthosis nigricans, patients should be advised of the potential risk for diabetes. The potential diagnosis of diabetes should be ruled out. Even when acrochordons are present on the exam in isolation, since these patients often do have comorbidities including obesity, diabetes, or prediabetes, it is reasonable to encourage healthy eating habits, exercise, and other behavior modification to encourage benefits beyond the skin exam.

张江林教授在皮赘的外科治疗方面有丰富的经验。得了皮肤肿物，莫惊慌，张江林教授团队为您保驾护航！

Professor Jianglin Zhang is highly experienced in the surgical treatment of skin tags.

If you have If you have one, don't panic! Prof

Zhang's team can help you get rid of it!