原创 人乳头瘤状病毒(HPV)疫苗-你是否需要接种?
2022年11月10日 【健康号】 李芳     阅读 4139

hpv疫苗

2018年全球宫颈癌新发病例约57万, 占所有恶性肿瘤发病人数的3.15%;死亡病例约31万, 占全部恶性肿瘤总死亡人数的3.26%。 根据2019年中国HPV和相关疾病报告显示,在中国15~44岁女性中宫颈癌发病率高居恶性肿瘤第三位,并且已成为中国该年龄段女性癌症死亡的第二大原因。1976年,德国生物医学家楚尔·豪森(Harald zur Hausen)提出了人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是宫颈癌病变主要诱因的假说; 病于1983年4月在宫颈癌中确定了HPV16和HPV18病毒,这项研究获得了2008年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,并且为的宫颈癌疫苗奠定了基础。


图1:2008年诺贝尔奖获得者德国生物医学家楚尔·豪森(Harald zur Hausen)


高危型HPV感染是宫颈癌的主要诱因


人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)的持续感染可引起非生殖系统和生殖系统的上皮和黏膜病变。目前已鉴定出200多种HPV亚型,但只有少数的人乳头瘤病毒与人类疾病有关联。2015年11月26日国家食品药品监督管理总局发布了《人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)核酸检测及基因分型、试剂技术审查指导原则》明确了我国HPV检测的型别范围:HPV16、18、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、56、58、59、68共13种基因型列为高危型。宫颈癌与高危型HPV16、18感染密切相关,且随着病变程度的加重,HPV16、18检出率升高,提示HPV16、18是宫颈癌的高危因素。尤其是,在宫颈腺癌中HPV 18所占比例更大。

 

现实中,估计大约80%有性生活的女性在其一生中会感染至少一种HPV,其中一半是高危型HPV。女性性生活开始后短时间内的感染风险尤其高,超过40%在性生活开始后两年内感染。感染风险随着性伴侣数量和其性伴侣的性伴侣数量的增加而提高。而且感染非常普遍,第一次性生活即有感染的风险。在大多数研究中,流行高峰出现在较早的年龄段(<25岁),之后流行率下降。在全球中年妇女(35~50岁)中的流行率为15%~20%。全球无宫颈异常女性HPV感染率约为11%~12%,感染最多的5个亚型分别是HPV16(3.2%)、HPV18(1.4%)、HPV52(0.9%)、HPV31(0.8%)和HPV58(0.7%)。男性HPV感染率报道差异很大(1.3%~72.9%),绝大多数研究报道男性HPV感染率高于女性。全球2012年因HPV感染新增约63万例癌症病例,其中约53万例为宫颈癌。



表一:各年龄组患者HPV感染情况

来自美国国家癌症研究所的Douglas Lowy和John Schiller开发的HPV16疫苗,相对与传统的灭活疫苗,只含有非致癌的遗传物质的疫苗具有更高的安全性。此时,病毒外壳蛋白L1成了一种潜在的候选对象,其能够在体外试管中进行自我重新组装,并且能最终变成和病毒样颗粒(virus-like particle)。这种L1类病毒颗粒能够引起免疫反应,由于它们内部不会含有病毒的遗传因子,所以十分安全。HPV16 L1类病毒颗粒(VLP。疫苗的成分从HPV16 上升到了HPV16和HPV18两种类病毒颗粒。两种HPV疫苗分别于2006年和2009年得到美国FDA的批准。


图二:Douglas Lowy和John Schiller因找到可用于发展HPV疫苗的技术获得了2017年的拉斯克临床医学研究奖



预防性HPV疫苗

2018年,WHO呼吁“全球采取行动,消除宫颈癌”。研究显示,在现有的宫颈癌防治策略下,未来50年内将有超过4400万女性发生宫颈癌,其中2/3发生在中低人类发展指数(HDI)国家。如果能够快速实施高覆盖率疫苗接种,广谱人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗(如九价疫苗)覆盖率迅速增至80%~100%,在三四十年后将极大降低宫颈癌疾病负担。目前,全球实现销售的HPV疫苗有GSK的2价疫苗Cervarix、默沙东的4价与9价疫苗Gardasil、Gardasil9和国内万泰生物的2价HPV疫苗。不同国家和机构对 HPV 疫苗的接种年龄建议有差异,全球范围内是 9~45 岁都行,FDA 批准的年龄是 9~26 岁,美国常规接种年龄是 11~12 岁。2022年8月30日宣布,默克宣布九价HPV疫苗的适用人群在中国拓展至9-45岁女性。这让容易罹患宫颈癌前病变,容易感染HPV的年轻女性和成年女性,都可以得到预防。


图三:中国上市的宫颈癌疫苗有4款:国产万泰公司的2价疫苗(329元/剂),进口史克公司的2价疫苗(580元/剂)、进口默沙东公司的4价疫苗(798元/剂)和9价疫苗(1298元/剂)(均为官方指导价格)。



表二:获批上市的人乳头瘤状病毒疫苗


目前,在研的国产宫颈癌疫苗有8个企业的12款疫苗,炒锅20个临床试验,包括2价、3价、4价、9价和11价甚至14价疫苗。随着多家公司临床试验的完成,越来越多的的疫苗将供应到市场,以缓解疫苗接种预约难和价格高高昂的问题。

 


表三:国内即将上市和研发中的HPV疫苗较多



接种前需要的注意事项:




1.对鸡蛋白或酵母过敏者

2.HPV疫苗在月经期不建议打,月经期虽然是女性正常的生理时期,但是身体各项指标会处于相对比较弱势的阶段,抵抗力和免疫力会下降

3.在妊娠期,或一年内有怀孕计划。宫颈癌疫苗具有一定的毒性,所以接种完之后,最好在一年之后再考虑怀孕

4. 正在哺乳期的女性,虽说HPV对亲代的副作用鲜有报道,但由于总体样本量过少,哺乳期不建议疫苗接种不过

5. 接种其他疫苗时曾出现严重不良反应,或已患有宫颈癌前病变的需先咨询临床医生意见;疫苗只是一级防控,宫颈癌筛查是二级防控,不能互相代替。建议30岁以上已婚女性即使在接种疫苗后,定期做宫颈癌筛查。





欢迎有接种需求的各位接种的咨询预约。

 

 

参考来源

 1.姚晔,黄新城,赵俊,徐细花,王卫国《人乳头瘤病毒亚型分布与宫颈病变的关系》。

2.《和达产业研究HPV疫苗行业研究》

3. 《宫颈癌疫苗接种全解》

4. 本文封面图片来自freepik。



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   李芳主任临床团队   


上海市东方医院(同济大学附属东方医院)本部妇科设有普通妇科、宫颈疾病、妇科肿瘤、盆底重建、生殖外科、计划生育和妇科内镜。妇科以“创建诊疗特色鲜明的临床研究复合型学科”为目标,在医、教、研各方面实现跨越式发展,各亚专科逐渐形成明显特色。科室始终坚持以人为本,重点培养中青年技术骨干,增强团队的整体技术能力,优化医疗环境,提高医疗质量。开展新技术、新项目,倡导微笑服务,不断焕发新的活力,在竞争中发展壮大。


科室技术力量雄厚,病房4K腹腔镜、3D腹腔镜等国际一流的现代化新型手术设备,能完成各类妇科手术诊治,在妇科良、恶性肿瘤诊断、手术和综合治疗方面积累了丰富的临床经验。在妇科微创手术、腹腔镜/单孔腹腔镜、妇科盆底重建、妇科肿瘤保留子宫和生育功能的手术等方面具有鲜明特色。宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌诊疗水平居国际领先地位。


目前妇科门诊:开设了宫颈疾病、普通妇科门诊、宫腔镜门诊,计划生育门诊,妇科肿瘤门诊。门诊开展阴道镜以及显微阴道镜检查,leep术,宫腔镜检查,无痛人流以及各类计划生育手术。


专家门诊时间:

周一全天、周二上午妇科专家门诊,

周四下午妇科专家特需门诊

地址:上海市浦东新区即墨路150号,上海市东方医院 总院

 

周二下午妇科专家门诊,

地址:上海市浦东新区云台路1800号,上海市东方医院 南院


周四上午线上门诊





   李芳主任临床科研团队  


李芳主任团队开展临床和临床相关基础研究。

同济大学附属东方医院本部妇科是妇科学博士后和硕博士研究生培养点,医师规范化培训基地。主要研究方向:高危HPV整合相关致癌机制、三代转录组和宫单细胞测序揭示宫颈癌免疫微环境和宫颈癌免疫治疗新靶点。李芳教授以通讯作者身份在Nucleic Acids Research, J Exp Clin Cancer Res.等期刊上发表40余篇学术论文。累计影响因子251.4分,最高影响因子20.69分。主持国家自然基金、科技部重大项目、上海市科委、卫健委和上海市申康课题20余项。主编论著2部。获省部二等奖1项(2/7)。国家级 宫颈病专业精英奖 1项。获批 发明专利3项,实用新型专利5项。知识产权转化1项:显微内镜在体病理诊断子宫颈病变。实验室依托同济大学附属东方医院转化医学研究中心,拥有具有完成国家级科研项目所必需的先进仪器设备和充足的科研经费。


发表论文目录如下:

1. Min Liu#, Zhiqiang Han#, Yong Zhi, Yetian Ruan, Guangxu Cao, Guangxue Wang, Xinxin Xu, Jianbing Mu, Jiuhong Kang, Fangping Dai, Xuejun Wen, Qingfeng Zhang*, Fang Li*. Long-read sequencing reveals oncogenic mechanism of HPV-human fusion transcripts in cervical cancer. Translational Research. (IF=10.17)2. Zhi Y, Chen X, Cao G, Chen F, Seo HS, Li F. The effects of air pollutants exposure on the transmission and severity of invasive infection caused by an opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. Environ Pollut. 2022 Oct 1;310:119826. IF=9.98
3. Hu H, Yang M, Dong W, Yin B, Ding J, Huang B, Zheng Q, Li F, Han L. A Pyroptosis-Related Gene Panel for Predicting the Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment of Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol. 2022 Apr 29;12:873725. IF=5.7
4. Jianyi D, Haili G, Bo Y, Meiqin Y, Baoyou H, Haoran H, Fang L, Qingliang Z, Lingfei H. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells cross-talk with B10 cells by BAFF/BAFF-R pathway to promote immunosuppression in cervical cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2022 Jun 20. IF=6.3
5. Yang, M.#, Hu, H.#, Wu, S., Ding, J., Yin, B., Huang, B., Li, F.*, Guo, X.*, & Han, L*. (2022). EIF4A3-regulated circ_0087429 can reverse EMT and inhibit the progression of cervical cancer via miR-5003-3p-dependent upregulation of OGN expression. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 41(1), 165. IF=12.66
6. Yin Bo#, Ding Jianyi#, Hu Haoran#, Yang Meiqin, Huang Baoyou, Dong Wei*, Li Fang*, Han Lingfei*. Overexpressed CMTM6 improves prognosis and associated with immune infiltrates of ovarian cancer. Front Mol Biosci.2021. IF=6.11
7. Le Fu#, Wei Xia#, Wei Shi, Guangxu Cao, Yetian Ruana, Xingyu Zhao, Min Liu, Sumei Niu, Fang Li*, Xin Gao*. Deep learning based cervical screening by the cross-modal integration of colposcopy, cytology, and HPV test. International Journal of Medical Informatics,159 (2022) 104675. IF=4.73
8. Xinxin Xu#, Zhiqiang Han#, Yetian Ruan, Min Liu, Guangxu Cao, Chao Li*, Fang Li*. HPV16-LINC00393 integration alters local 3D genome architecture in cervical cancer cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Dec 7;11:785169. IF=6.07 
9. Zhiyuan Huang#, Fang Li*, Qinchuan Li*. Expression profile of RNA binding protein in cervical cancer using bioinformatics approach. Cancer Cell Int. 2021 Dec 4;21(1):647. IF=6.42
10. Li Y#, Gong YX#, Wang Q, Gao S, Zhang H, Xie F, Cong Q, Chen L, Zhou Q, Hong Z, Qiu L, Li F, Xie Y*, Sui L*. Optimizing the Detection of Occult Cervical Cancer: A Prospective Multicentre Study in China. Int J Womens Health. 2021 Oct 27;13:1005-1015. IF=2.59
11. Zhu J#, Chen F, Luo L, Wu W, Dai J, Zhong J, Lin X, Chai C, Ding P, Liang L, Wang S, Ding X, Chen Y, Wang H, Qiu J, Wang F, Sun C, Zeng Y, Fang J, Jiang X, Liu P, Tang G, Qiu X, Zhang X, Ruan Y, Jiang S, Li J, Zhu S, Xu X, Li F, Liu Z, Cao G*, Chen D*. Single-cell atlas of domestic pig cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. Science Bulletin 2021, 66(14): 1448-1461. IF=20.57
12. Ruan Y#, Liu M, Guo J, Zhao J, Niu S, Li Fang*, Evaluation of the accuracy of colposcopy in detecting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and cervical cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020 Aug;10.1007/s00404-020-05740-x. doi:10.1007/s00404-020-05740-x IF=2.4913. Guo, Junhan#, Fu Le#, Zhao Junwei, Lei Lei, Zhan Qin, Liu Min, Ruan Yetian, Li Hui, Xu Jin, Li Nana, Wang Hanlin, Zhu Huiting, Han Zhiqiang, Li Fang*, The value of microendoscopy in the diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical microinvasive carcinoma. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2020 June 302. doi:10.1007/s00404-020-05565-8. IF=2.49
14. Wen Yu#, Cai Long, Tailin Zhu, Huiting Zhu, Zhiqiang Han*, Fang Li*, High resolution multispectral endoscopy significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of cervical intraepithelial lesions. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research, 2020 April, 46: 939-944. doi:10.1111/jog.14241. IF=1.69
15. Chao Li#*, Hongfeng Ao#, Guofang Chen, Fang Wang, Fang Li*. The Interaction of CDH20 With β-Catenin Inhibits Cervical Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion via TGF-β/Smad/SNAIL Mediated EMT. Front Oncol. 2020 Jan 9;9:1481. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01481. IF=5.7
16. Junwei Zhao#, Qin Zhan, Junhan Guo, Min Liu, Yetian Ruan, Tailin Zhu, Lingfei Han*, Fang Li*. Phylogeny and polymorphism in the E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus: alpha-9 (HPV16, 31, 33, 52, 58), alpha-5 (HPV51), alpha-6 (HPV53, 66), alpha-7 (HPV18, 39, 59, 68) and alpha-10 (HPV6, 44) in women from Shanghai. Infect Agent Cancer. 2019 Nov 21;14:38. doi: 10.1186/s13027-019-0250-9. IF=3.69
17. Junwei Zhao#, Jiacheng Zhu, Junhan Guo, Tailin Zhu, Jixing Zhong, Min Liu, Yetian Ruan, Shujie Liao*, Fang Li*. Genetic variability and functional implication of HPV16 from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Shanghai women. J Med Virol. 2020 Mar;92(3):372-381. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25618. IF=20.69
18. Chao Li#*, Yanfei Li#, Lanxia Sui, Jian Wang, Fang Li*, Phenyllactic acid promotes cell migration and invasion in cervical cancer via IKK/NF-κB-mediated MMP-9 activation. Cancer Cell Int. 2019 Sep 23;19:241. doi: 10.1186/s12935-019-0965-0. IF=6.42
19. Huiyan Hu#, Jingjing Zhao#, Wen Yu, Junwei Zhao, Zhewei Wang, Lin Jin, Yunyun Yu, Lingfei Han, Lu Wang, Huiting Zhu*, Fang Li*, Human papillomavirus DNA, HPV L1 capsid protein and p16INK4a protein as markers to predict cervical lesion progression. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2019 Jan, 299(1):141-149. IF=2.49
20. Junwei Zhao#, Lu Wang#, Hui Lin, Wen Yu, Xianghong Xu, Huiyan Hu, Laifang Zhu, Lingfei Han*, Fang Li*, Association of HLA-DRB1/DQB1 polymorphism with high-risk HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia women from Shanghai. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 2018.2.15, 11(2):748-756. 
21. Yahui Zhang#, Lin Wang#, Xiang Xu#, Fang Li*, Qingsheng Wu*, Combined systems of different antibiotics with nano-CuO against Escherichia coli and the mechanisms involved. Nanomedicine (Lond), 2018 Feb; 13(3):339-351. IF=6.09
22. Xiaojie Huang#, Chao Li#, Fang Li, Junwei Zhao, Xiaoping Wan*, Kai Wang*, Cervicovaginal microbiota composition correlates with the acquisition of high- risk human papillomavirus types. International Journal of Cancer, 2018 Aug 1, 143(3):621-634. IF=7.31
23. Dongsheng Chen#*, Sanjie Jiang, Xiaoyan Ma, Fang Li*, TFBSbank: a platform to dissect the big data of protein-DNA interaction in human and model species. Nucleic Acids Research, 2017.1.4, 45(D1): D151-D157. IF=19.6
24. Xiaohui Zhou#*, Yanfeng Shi, Lijie Wang, Mei Liu, Fang Li*, Distribution Characteristics of Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Study Based on Data from Physical Examination. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2017 Jul 27, 18(7):1875-1879.
25. Junwei Zhao#, Fang Fang#, Yi Guo, Tailin Zhu, Yunyun Yu, Fanfei Kong, Lingfei Han, Dongsheng Chen*, Fang Li*, HPV16 integration probably contributes to cervical oncogenesis through interrupting tumor suppressor genes and inducing chromosome instability. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, 2016.11.25, 35(1): 180-180. IF=12.66
26. Yunyun Yu#, Lingfei Han#, Wen Yu, Yankang Duan, Zhewei Wang, Huiyan Hu, Junwei Zhao, Suman Singh, Fanfei Kong, Lin Jin, Jing Sun*, Fang Li*, High risk factors associated with HPV persistence after loop electrosurgical excision procedure in patients with intraepithelial neoplasia. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 2017,10(2):1817-1824. 
27. Yi Guo#, Jiachang Hu, Liping Zhu, Jing Sun, Longxu Xie, Fanfei Kong, Lingfei Han, Fang Li*, Physical Status and Variant Analysis of Human Papillomavirus 16 in Women from Shanghai. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 2016.01.01, 81(1):61-70. IF=2.72
28. Suman Singh#, Qian Zhou#, Yunyun Yu, Xianghong Xu, Xiaojie Huang, Junwei Zhao, Lingfei Han, Kai Wang, Jing Sun*, Fang Li*, Distribution of HPV genotypes in Shanghai women. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 2015.01.01, 8(9): 11901-11908. 
29. Lingfei Han#*, Wei Wang#, Jiahong Lu#, Fanfei Kong, Ge Ma, Yiping Zhu, Dong Zhao, Jianlong Zhu, Wen Shuai, Qian Zhou, Ping Chen, Lei Ye, Jie Tao, Sarfraz Ahmad, Fang Li*, Jing Sun*, AAV-sBTLA facilitates HSP70 vaccine-triggered prophylactic antitumor immunity against a murine melanoma pulmonary metastasis model in vivo. Cancer Letters, 2014.11.28, 354(2):398-406. IF=9.75
30. Fang Li#*, Yi Guo, Lingfei Han*, Yankang Duan, Fang Fang, Sumei Niu, Qiujie Ba, Huaishi Zhu, Fanfei Kong, Chao Lin, Xuejun Wen, In vitro and in vivo growth inhibition of drug-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells using a combination of cisplatin and a TRAIL-encoding retrovirus. Oncology Letters, 2012.12.01, 4(6): 1254-1258. IF=3.11
31. Fang Li#*, Qiujie Ba#, Sumei Niu, Yi Guo, Yankang Duan, Peng Zhao, Chao Lin*, Jing Sun*, In-situ forming biodegradable glycol chitosan-based hydrogels: Synthesis, characterization, and chondrocyte culture. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2012.10.1, 32(7): 2017-2025. IF=8.45
32. Fang Li#*, Jing Sun, Huaishi Zhu, Xuejun Wen, Chao Lin, Donglu Shi, Preparation and characterization novel polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles as carriers for doxorubicin. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2011.11.1, 88(1): 58-62. IF=5.99
33. Xu Song#*, Fang Li#, Jingwei Ma, Nengqin Jia*, Jianming Xu, Hebai Shen*, Synthesis of fluorescent silica nanoparticles and their applications as fluorescence probes. Journal of Fluorescence, 2011.5.01, 21(3):1205-1212. IF=2.52
34. Fang Li#*, Sumei Niu, Jing Sun, Huaishi Zhu, Qiujie Ba, Yi Guo, Donglu Shi, Efficient In Vitro TRAIL-Gene Delivery in Drug-Resistant A2780/DDP Ovarian Cancer Cell Line via Magnetofection. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2011.01.01. IF=3.79
35. Fang Li#*, Pingping Su#, Chao Lin, Hong Li, Jiajing Cheng, Donglu Shi, Ribosome display and selection of human anti-placental growth factor scFv derived from ovarian cancer patients. Protein and Peptide Letters, 2010.5.01, 17(5):585-590. IF=1.92
36. Lin, Chao#*, Peng Zhao#, Fang Li*, Fangfang Guo, Zhuoquan Li, Xuejun Wen, Thermosensitive in situ-forming dextran-pluronic hydrogels through Michael addition. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2010.01.01, 30(8):1236-1244. IF=8.45
37. Fang Li#*, Jianing Li, Xuejun Wen*, Shenghu Zhou, Xiaowen Tong, Pingping Su, Hong Li, Donglu Shi*, Anti-tumor activity of paclitaxel-loaded chitosan nanoparticles: An in vitro study. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2009.01.01, 29(8):2392-2397. IF=8.45
38. Fang Li#, Li Meng#, Hui Xing, Jianfeng Zhou, Shixuan Wang, Lei Huang, Gang Xu, Huaishi Zhu, Yunping Lu, Ding Ma*, Essential role of c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase on synergy induction of apoptosis by TRAIL plus ADM in ADM resistant MCF-7/ADM cells. Apoptosis, 2006.01.01, 11:1239-1246. IF=5.99
39. Fang Li#, Li Meng#, Jianfeng Zhou, Hui Xing, Shixuan Wang, Gang Xu, Huaishi Zhu,Beibei Wang, Gang Chen, Yunping Lu, Ding Ma*, Reversing chemoresistance in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells: A role of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase 1. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2005.10.01, 335(4):1070-1077. IF=3.32
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