视网膜中央动脉阻塞的治疗：美国心脏协会的科学声明

Brian Mac Grory、Matthew Schrag、Valérie Biousse、Karen L Furie、Marie Gerhard Herman、Patrick J Lavin、Lucia Sobrin、Stavropoula I Tjoumakaris、Cornelia M Weyand、Shadi Yaghi、美国心脏协会中风理事会、动脉硬化、血栓形成和血管生物学理事会、高血压理事会和周围血管疾病理事会

PMID:33677974 DOI:10.1161/STR.0000000000000366

摘要

目的：视网膜中央动脉阻塞（centralretinalarartery occlusion，CRAO）是一种急性缺血性中风，可导致严重的视力丧失，是进一步脑血管和心血管事件的先兆。目前缺乏关于CRAO适当管理的科学信息，大多数策略都是基于观察文献和专家意见。在这项科学声明中，我们批判性地评价了有关CRAO的文献，并提供了一个框架，在此框架内考虑急性治疗和二级预防。

方法：我们对随机对照临床试验、前瞻性和回顾性队列研究、病例对照研究、病例报告、临床指南、综述文章、基础科学文章和有关CRAO管理的社论进行文献综述。我们召集了一个由血管神经学、神经眼科学、玻璃体视网膜外科学、免疫学、血管内神经外科学和心脏病学等领域的专家组成的小组，并在写作小组成员中划分了文件部分。每个成员都接受了一项任务，进行文献回顾，综合数据，并提供实践注意事项。在达成协商一致意见之前，小组分发了多份草案。

结果：急性重症急性胰腺炎是一种内科急症。护理系统应逐步发展，优先考虑早期识别和分类CRAO到紧急医疗护理。从业者、机构和子专业群体之间的管理模式存在相当大的差异。目前的文献表明，静脉注射组织型纤溶酶原激活剂治疗可能是有效的。患者应进行血管危险因素的紧急筛查和治疗。这一领域需要高质量的随机临床试验。

Stroke

. 2021 Mar 8;STR0000000000000366.    

       doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000366.                            Online ahead of print.                              

Management of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Brian Mac Grory, Matthew Schrag, Valérie Biousse, Karen L Furie, Marie Gerhard-Herman, Patrick J Lavin, Lucia Sobrin, Stavropoula I Tjoumakaris, Cornelia M Weyand, Shadi Yaghi, American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Hypertension; and Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease  

•            PMID:            33677974    

•            DOI:                  10.1161/STR.0000000000000366        

Abstract

         Purpose:                    Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a form of acute ischemic stroke that causes severe visual loss and is a harbinger of further cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. There is a paucity of scientific information on the appropriate management of CRAO, with most strategies based on observational literature and expert opinion. In this scientific statement, we critically appraise the literature on CRAO and provide a framework within which to consider acute treatment and secondary prevention.

         Methods:                    We performed a literature review of randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, case reports, clinical guidelines, review articles, basic science articles, and editorials concerning the management of CRAO. We assembled a panel comprising experts in the fields of vascular neurology, neuro-ophthalmology, vitreo-retinal surgery, immunology, endovascular neurosurgery, and cardiology, and document sections were divided among the writing group members. Each member received an assignment to perform a literature review, synthesize the data, and offer considerations for practice. Multiple drafts were circulated among the group until consensus was achieved.

         Results:                    Acute CRAO is a medical emergency. Systems of care should evolve to prioritize early recognition and triage of CRAO to emergency medical attention. There is considerable variability in management patterns among practitioners, institutions, and subspecialty groups. The current literature suggests that treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator may be effective. Patients should undergo urgent screening and treatment of vascular risk factors. There is a need for high-quality, randomized clinical trials in this field.

         Keywords:                    AHA Scientific Statements; giant cell arteritis; hemodilution; ischemic stroke; paracentesis; retinal artery occlusion; thrombolytic therapy; tissue plasminogen activator.