Last reviewed: November 17, 2012.

最后修改日期：2012年11月17日。

       Fibroadenoma of the breast is a noncancerous (benign) tumor. 

       乳腺纤维腺瘤是一种非癌症性（良性）肿瘤

Causes, incidence, and risk factors 

诱因、发病率、危险因素

       Fibroadenoma is the most common benign tumor of the breast. Benign tumor means it is not caused by cancer. Fibroadenoma is the most common breast tumor in women under age 30. 

       乳腺纤维腺瘤是最常见的乳腺良性肿瘤。良性肿瘤意味着它不是又癌症引起的。纤维腺瘤是30岁以下女性最常见的乳房肿瘤。

       A fibroadenoma is made up of breast gland tissue and tissue that helps support the breast gland tissue.

       纤维腺瘤由乳房腺体和支持腺体的组织所构成。

       African American women tend to develop fibroadenomas more often and at an earlier age than Caucasian women. The cause of fibroadenomas is not known. 

       非洲裔美国女性比白人女性更容易得纤维腺瘤，且发病年龄更早。具体病因不明。

Symptoms 

症状

     Fibroadenomas are usually single lumps. About 10 - 15% of women have several lumps that may affect both breasts.

       纤维腺瘤通常是单个肿块。大约10-15%的女性会有多个肿块，影响双侧。

       Lumps may be:

       肿块可能：

       Easily moveable under the skin

       皮下、活动度好

       Firm 

       质硬

       Painless 

       无痛

       Rubbery 

       有弹性

       Lumps have smooth, well-defined borders. They may grow in size, especially during pregnancy. Fibroadenomas often get smaller after menopause (if a woman is not taking hormone therapy).

       肿块边界清楚、光滑。 可能会体积增长，尤其是怀孕期间。纤维腺瘤通常在绝经后会变小（如果未接受激素疗法）

Signs and tests 

检查

       After a physical exam, one or both of the following tests are usually done:

       在体格检查后，通常会做以下一到两个检查

       Breast ultrasound 

       乳腺超声

       Mammogram 

       钼靶

       A biopsy may be done to get a definite diagnosis. Different types of biopsies include: 

       活检可以明确诊断。不同的活检方式包括：

       Open 

       开放式

       Stereotatic 

       立体定向

       Ultrasound (core needle) 

       B超引导（空心针穿刺)

       Women in their teens or early 20s may not need a biopsy if the lump goes away on its own or if the lump does not change over a long period.

Treatment 

治疗

       If a biopsy shows that the lump is a fibroadenoma, the lump may be left in place or removed.

       如果活检证实肿块是纤维腺瘤，那么肿块可以切除肿块，也可以不切除。

       You and your surgeon can discuss whether or not to remove the lump. Reasons to have it removed include: 

       你和你的外科医生可以讨论是否需要切除肿块。切除的原因有：

       Abnormal biopsy results 

       不正常的活检结果。

       Pain or other symptoms occur 

       疼痛或其它症状。

       Worry or concern about cancer

       担心会有癌变可能

       If the lump is not removed, your health care provider will watch to see if it changes or grows. This may be done using 

       如果你的肿块未切除，你的医护人员会进一步观察它是否改变或增长。包括以下方法：

       Mammogram

       钼靶

       Physical examination

       体格检查

       Ultrasound

       超声

       Sometimes, the lump is destroyed without removing it, using freezing. This is called cryoablation.

       有时候可以用非切除方法消除肿块，通过冰冻。即冷冻消融术

Expectations (prognosis)

预后

       Women with fibroadenoma have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer later in life.

       有纤维腺瘤的女性以后得乳腺癌的概率会轻度上升。

       If the lump is left in place and watched carefully, it may need to be removed at a later time if it changes or grows.

       如果肿块未被切除，那么仔细观察，如果以后长大了可能需要切除。

       In very rare cases, the lump is cancer, and will need further treatment.

       极少数情况下，肿块是癌症（译者注：指的是通过检查确诊为癌症的肿块，而不是指的纤维腺瘤本身癌变，根据一些医学书籍，纤维腺瘤本身不会导致癌症Not a precursor to breast cancer），那么需要进一步治疗。

       Calling your health care provider 

       请联系你的医护人员

       Call your health care provider if you have a lump that you think is a fibroadenoma and it grows or changes in any way.

       如果你有一个肿块，你觉得像是纤维腺瘤，并且它长大了或者 有任何变化，请立即就医。

References 

参考文献

Katz VL, Dotters D. Breast diseases: diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant disease. In: Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Mosby; 2012:chap 15.

Miltenburg DM, Speights VO Jr. Benign breast disease. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2008;35:285-300. [PubMed]

Review Date: 11/17/2012.

     Reviewed by: Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc., Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, David R. Eltz, Stephanie Slon, and Nissi Wang.

     本文摘录自美国国立医学图书馆National Library of Medicine的网页http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004482/， 翻译如有不准确之处请以原文为准。